Towards an Empirical Characterization of Bridging and Bonding Social Capital

نویسندگان

  • Hilde Coffé
  • Benny Geys
چکیده

Though a vast amount of empirical work stresses the beneficial effects of social capital, the recent literature has explicitly recognized the importance of distinguishing different types of social capital. Particularly, a distinction has been made between homogeneous (or bonding) and heterogeneous (or bridging) networks under the argument that the latter are more likely to generate positive externalities than the former. The empirical operationalization of this theoretical distinction has thus far, however, remained underdeveloped. We take a step to resolve this issue by assessing the diversity of (voluntary) association membership on a number of socioeconomic traits. The proposed methodology is applied to Flemish survey data on voluntary association membership. This analysis indicates that hobby clubs and humanitarian associations such as the Red Cross are among the most bridging associations, while women's groups and associations for retired people are among the most bonding groups. * The first author gratefully acknowledges the financial support and hospitality of the WZB (" Market Processes and Governance " research unit) where she was staying as a research guest during part of this research. iv ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Zur empirischen Charakterisierung von heterogenen (bridging) und homogenen (bonding) Arten des Sozialkapitals In vielen empirischen Arbeiten werden die günstigen Auswirkungen des Sozialkapitals im Allgemeinen unterstrichen. Neueste Veröffentlichungen sind indes dazu übergegangen, ausdrücklich die Bedeutung der Unterscheidung zwischen verschiedenen Arten von Sozialkapital hervorzuheben. Ganz beson-ders unterscheidet man zwischen homogenen (oder bonding) und heterogenen (oder bridging) Netzwerken, wobei argumentiert wird, dass letztere mit größerer Wahrscheinlichkeit positive externe Effekte erzeugen als die ersten. Die empirische Operationalisierung dieser theoretischen Unterscheidung ist jedoch bisher eher unterentwickelt. In diesem Papier wird ein erster Schritt zur Lösung dieser Frage getan, indem die Diversität von (freiwilligen) Verbandsmitglied-schaften im Hinblick auf einige sozio-ökonomische Charakteristika untersucht wird. Die vorgeschlagene Methodologie wird auf Daten einer flämischen Erhebung zu freiwilligen Vereinsmitgliedschaften angewendet. Diese Analyse zeigt, dass Freizeitclubs und humanitäre Verbände wie z.B. das Rote Kreuz zu den heterogeneren (bridging) Vereinigungen, während Frauengruppen und Seniorenclubs zu den homogeneren (bonding) gehören.

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تاریخ انتشار 2006